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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of OEC transplantation on a severe sciatic nerve (SN) lesion. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: OECs were injected in rats after section and 2\u2010cm resection of the SN. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Three months after therapy, muscle strength and morphometric studies showed complete restoration of the contractile properties of the gastrocnemius and complete repair of the SN. Immunohistochemistry and RT\u2010PCR studies indicated an increase in the presence of neurotrophic factors. Interestingly, tracking of green fluorescent protein (GFP)\u2010positive OECs showed that no OECs were present in the SN. <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>: Our results demonstrate that, after severe PNI, OECs have remarkable potential for nerve regeneration by creating a favorable microenvironment. 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