{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:53:12Z","timestamp":1786978392569,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]],"date-time":"2012-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study was designed to assess the effect of extracorporeal shock\u2010wave lithotripsy (ESWL) exposure of the parotid gland on oxidative stress and some trace element levels in the facial nerves of rats.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Twelve male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups, each consisting of 6 animals. The rats in the first group served as controls. The left parotid glands of animals in the second group were treated with 1000 18\u2010kV shock waves while anesthetized with ketamine. The animals in both groups were euthanized 72 h after the ESWL treatment, and the right facial nerve was harvested for determination of oxidant\/antioxidant status and trace element levels.\n                    <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH\u2010Px), decreased in the facial nerves of ESWL\u2010treated rats. The levels of iron, lead, manganese, and cobalt increased, and magnesium, cadmium, and copper levels decreased.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    ESWL treatment of the parotid gland may increase lipid peroxidation and decrease antioxidant enzyme activity in adjacent tissues such as the facial nerve. It also causes a decrease or increase in many mineral levels of the facial nerve, which is an undesirable condition for normal physiological function. 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