{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:14:37Z","timestamp":1791180877027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upper motor neuron lesions after stroke are a major cause of disability. We aimed to determine whether skeletal muscles from these patients display typical molecular signatures of inflammation, growth arrest, and atrophy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscle biopsies were analyzed for morphological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular features indicative of changes in gene expression involved in muscle atrophy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic hemiplegia resulted in \u223d9.5% atrophy, fiber type shifts, and histochemical and ultrastructural signs of impaired remodeling. TNF and TWEAK expressions were unaltered, but MSTN mRNA was lower (\u221273%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in paretic tibialis anterior vs. age\u2010matched controls. The expression of autophagy\u2010related genes (<jats:italic>BCN\u20101<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>LC3<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>GABARAPL1<\/jats:italic>) was lower in paretic tibialis anterior (\u221281%, \u221248%, and \u221260%, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and soleus (\u221285%, \u221254%, and \u221260% respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) compared with old controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persistent atrophy in chronic spastic hemiplegia may be associated with impaired remodeling partly due to altered autophagy gene expression. Muscle Nerve, 2012<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T14:40:58Z","timestamp":1332254458000},"page":"785-792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Altered autophagy gene expression and persistent atrophy suggest impaired remodeling in chronic hemiplegic human skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"von Walden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finnbogi","family":"Jakobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Edstr\u00d6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0024-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20284"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2010.00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680802502423"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0420061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7537com"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000177878.33559.fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.602441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00346.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0610com"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"RadnerS.Buttonhole technique for iterative muscle biopsy [in Swedish]. 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