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Neuromuscular ultrasound (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMUS<\/jats:styled-content>), already established in the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies, may offer another means of diagnosis and monitoring response to therapy. This review of current evidence discusses diffuse nerve hypertrophy in hereditary demyelinating neuropathies, multifocal nerve enlargement in acquired demyelinating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PN<\/jats:styled-content> and the lack of readily apparent structural change in axonal neuropathies. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMUS<\/jats:styled-content> detection of fasciculations and muscular change in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MND<\/jats:styled-content> is also reviewed, along with the need for further research to better define the role of nerve imaging in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PN<\/jats:styled-content>. 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