{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T07:46:48Z","timestamp":1782200808118,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]],"date-time":"2013-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: We assessed the association between smoking and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and estimated the magnitude of the association with meta\u2010analysis. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and SciVerse databases were searched through December 2012. Thirteen studies were included in the meta\u2010analysis. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Cross\u2010sectional studies reported an association between current smoking and CTS (pooled odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38\u20132.60, I\u2010squared\u2009=\u20090%). Meta\u2010analyses of case\u2013control studies did not, however, show an association between smoking and CTS (pooled OR\u2009=\u20091.04, 95% CI 0.95\u20131.12, I\u2010squared\u2009=\u20090.0%) or surgery due to CTS (pooled OR\u2009=\u20090.99, 95% CI 0.82\u20131.15, I\u2010squared\u2009=\u20090%). Moreover, smoking was not associated with CTS in the meta\u2010analysis of cohort studies (pooled OR\u2009=\u20090.97, 95% CI 0.45\u20131.50, I\u2010squared\u2009=\u20090%). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: We found an association between smoking and CTS in cross\u2010sectional studies. This association should be explored further in appropriately designed case\u2013control and cohort studies. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>49<\/jats:bold>:345\u2013350, 2014<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T19:08:46Z","timestamp":1371064126000},"page":"345-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Smoking and carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mohammad\u2010Hossein","family":"Pourmemari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere School of Health Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eira","family":"Viikari\u2010Juntura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disability Prevention Centre Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahman","family":"Shiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disability Prevention Centre Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Centre of Expertise for Health and Work Ability Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6573.660-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: the role of occupational factors","volume":"25","author":"Palmer KT","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-006-9026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-80"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2004.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"983","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Estirado de Cabo E","year":"2003","journal-title":"A new feature in the natural history of TOS? 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