{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:44:21Z","timestamp":1791981861130,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: In this study we introduce quantitative facial muscle ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for patients with chronic unilateral facial palsy. Methods: Muscle area, thickness, and echo intensity of 6 facial muscles (frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, and mentalis) and of 2 chewing muscles (temporalis and masseter, as controls) were measured in 20 patients with chronic facial palsy. Results: Aside from 1, all facial muscles were significantly smaller on the paralyzed side. With exception of frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles, all other facial muscles showed significantly higher echo intensity on the affected side. Muscle size and echo intensity of the chewing muscles showed no side\u2010to\u2010side asymmetry. Conclusions: Quantitative ultrasound of facial muscles helps to better characterize their status in patients with chronic facial palsy in the phase of denervation and during regeneration. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>50<\/jats:bold>: 358\u2013365, 2014<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,28]],"date-time":"2013-12-28T09:30:43Z","timestamp":1388223043000},"page":"358-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Quantitative ultrasonography of facial muscles in patients with chronic facial palsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Gerd Fabian","family":"Volk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center, Jena University Hospital Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Finkensieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center, Jena University Hospital Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas\u2010Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center, Jena University Hospital Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.05.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-6-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815d8e68"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102013\u2010003007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"[An index for paresis and defective healing\u2014an easily applied method for objectively determining therapeutic results in facial paresis (author's transl.)]","volume":"25","author":"Stennert E","year":"1977","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"326","article-title":"Preoperative facial muscle imaging predicts final facial function after facial nerve grafting","volume":"24","author":"Kaylie DM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"The denervated nerve","author":"Gutmann E","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/67.4.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(45)91117-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989670206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000231597.95466.d6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S47263"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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