{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:49:40Z","timestamp":1784548180062,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Ultrasonography can detect structural muscle changes caused by neuromuscular disease, but it has not yet been applied to facial nerve diseases. Quantitative analysis would be the preferred method to determine whether ultrasound findings are within normal limits, but there are no normative data for mimic muscles. The purpose of this study was to provide gender\u2010specific normative ultrasonography data for muscle area, diameter, and contractility for mimic and masticatory muscles in adults.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: Bilateral scans of multiple mimic and masticatory muscles were performed at rest and during contraction in 140 volunteers, aged 21\u201393 years.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Almost all mimic muscles, but not the temporalis muscles, had symmetric size. The muscle sizes showed gender differences and a muscle\u2010specific correlation with body weight, but not with age.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: These data provide normative values that can be used in clinical practice.<jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic><jats:bold>50<\/jats:bold>: 348\u2013357, 2014<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T12:22:29Z","timestamp":1392207749000},"page":"348-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Reference values for dynamic facial muscle ultrasonography in adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Gerd Fabian","family":"Volk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"},{"name":"The Facial Nerve Center Jena University Hospital Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas\u2010Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Jena University Hospital Lessingstrasse 2 D\u201007740 Jena Germany"},{"name":"The Facial Nerve Center Jena University Hospital Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02307817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/20.6.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2013461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Probability plotting methods for the analysis of data","volume":"55","author":"Wilk MB","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198509844.001.0001","volume-title":"The statistical evaluation of medical tests for classification and prediction","author":"Pepe MS","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Ultrasonic investigation of the circumoral musculature","volume":"166","author":"Vinkka\u2010Puhakka H","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511434994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.8.3.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00134-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2004.00154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345910700090601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2004.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"326","article-title":"Preoperative facial muscle imaging predicts final facial function after facial nerve grafting","volume":"24","author":"Kaylie DM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2012.06.003"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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