{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:25:51Z","timestamp":1775129151834,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]],"date-time":"2014-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS079751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS079751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006663","name":"National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: To better understand volitional force generation after chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), we examined muscle activation during single and repeated isometric, concentric, and eccentric knee extensor (KE) maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: Torque and electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded during single and repeated isometric and dynamic KE MVCs in 11 SCI subjects. Central activation ratios (CARs) were calculated for all contraction modes in SCI subjects and 11 healthy controls. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: SCI subjects generated greater torque, KE EMG, and CARs during single eccentric vs. isometric and concentric MVCs (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Torque and EMG remained similar during repeated eccentric MVCs; however, both increased during repeated isometric (&gt;25%) and concentric (&gt;30%) MVCs. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: SCI subjects demonstrated greater muscle activation during eccentric MVCs vs. isometric and concentric MVCs. This pattern of activation contrasts with the decreased eccentric activation demonstrated by healthy controls. Such information may aid development of novel rehabilitation interventions. 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