{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:05:59Z","timestamp":1789977959041,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Immobilization induced by experimental denervation leads to rapid and progressive alterations in structural and biochemical properties of skeletal muscle. Real\u2010time reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) is a popular method of elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy. Identification of suitable reference genes that are not affected by experimental conditions is a critical step in accurate normalization of real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: We investigated the impact of denervation\u2010induced muscle atrophy for 2 weeks on the expression of common housekeeping genes. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Denervation differentially affected the expression levels of these genes. RefFinder software identified TATA box binding protein (<jats:italic>Tbp<\/jats:italic>) as the most stable gene and showed that the stability of glyceraldehyde\u20103\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>Gapdh<\/jats:italic>) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (<jats:italic>Hprt<\/jats:italic>) genes was low, even though they are widely used for normalization. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The appropriate reference gene for normalization of genes of interest in denervated muscle is <jats:italic>Tbp<\/jats:italic>. Muscle Nerve <jats:bold>51<\/jats:bold>: 276\u2013281, 2015<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,7]],"date-time":"2014-06-07T09:02:38Z","timestamp":1402131758000},"page":"276-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Impact of denervation\u2010induced muscle atrophy on housekeeping gene expression in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Reiko","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central 6, 1\u20101\u20101 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20138566 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saori","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central 6, 1\u20101\u20101 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20138566 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yasumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central 6, 1\u20101\u20101 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20138566 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kadota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsutaka","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central 6, 1\u20101\u20101 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20138566 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science  Chiba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00579.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Muscle wasting in cancer and ageing: cachexia versus sarcopenia","volume":"18","author":"Argiles JM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv 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