{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:44:18Z","timestamp":1782996258306,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess age\u2010 and gender\u2010specific incidence rates (IRs) of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)\u2013antibody\u2013positive myasthenia gravis (MG) in South Africa, and geographical variations in incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>IRs were calculated from positive AChR\u2013antibody laboratory data between 2011 and 2012, using 2011 population census data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>890 individuals were seropositive, for an annual IR of 8.5 per million. Age\u2010standardized IR for early\u2010onset (&lt;50) and late\u2010onset (\u226550) MG were 4.1 and 24 per million, respectively, and 4.3 per million for juveniles. The IR between provinces ranged from 1 to 19 per million.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this Southern Hemisphere African population, the overall IR and peak IR (in older men) for seropositive MG is comparable to that in Europe and North America, arguing against environmental factors. However, IRs may be higher among children with African genetic ancestry. Geographical variation in incidence underscores the importance of outreach programs for regions with limited resources. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic>, 2015 <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> 51: 533\u2013537, 2015<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T10:47:35Z","timestamp":1406198855000},"page":"533-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Incidence of acetylcholine receptor\u2010antibody\u2010positive myasthenia gravis in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Busisiwe","family":"Mombaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Research Group Division of Neurology Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maia R.","family":"Lesosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Liebenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Du Buisson, Kramer, Swart &amp; Bouwer, Inc. Centurion Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Vreede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Services and Division of Chemical Pathology Department of Clinical Laboratory Services University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannine M.","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Research Group Division of Neurology Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.8.1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2007.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.5390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23271"},{"issue":"46","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","article-title":"A systematic review of population based epidemiological studies in myasthenia gravis","volume":"10","author":"Carr AS","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"959","article-title":"Incidence of seropositive myasthenia gravis in Cape Town and South Africa","volume":"97","author":"Bateman KJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"AhmadOB Boschi\u2010PintoC LopezAD MurrayCJL LozanoR InoueM. 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