{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:44:04Z","timestamp":1787827444462,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Peripheral nerve ultrasound has become an effective imaging technique. However, imaging of cranial nerves, especially in healthy volunteers, has received minimal attention. The objectives of this study were to describe the sonographic characteristics of the facial nerve and to establish average values of its diameter. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: The extra\u2010cranial part of the facial nerve was scanned bilaterally along its longitudinal axis inside the parotid gland using a 13\u2010MHz probe in 50 healthy adults. The diameter was measured at the nerve's thickest region. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: The facial nerve appeared as a thin, tubular, hypoechoic structure inside the parotid gland. The mean facial nerve diameter was 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 mm, and the mean side\u2010to\u2010side difference in diameter was 0.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1 mm. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The average facial nerve diameter values may provide help with identification of nerve abnormalities using ultrasound. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>52<\/jats:bold>: 767\u2013771, 2015<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T23:09:32Z","timestamp":1425078572000},"page":"767-771","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sonographic characteristics of the facial nerve in healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"EMAN A.","family":"TAWFIK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-1-379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091202500604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20679"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0b013e31819f7cd5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Use of electroneuronography in monitoring facial nerve paralysis","volume":"77","author":"Lydiatt WM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nebr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Electrodiagnosis of the cranial nerves","volume":"15","author":"Kimura J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02993884","article-title":"Electro\u2010diagnosis in peripheral facial nerve paralysis","volume":"25","author":"Batra SP","year":"1973","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0376-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"248039","article-title":"Imaging the facial nerve: a contemporary review","volume":"2013","author":"Gupta S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiol Res Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1713::AID-MUS7>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","article-title":"Peripheral nerve ultrasound in ALS phenotypes","author":"Schreiber S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"633","article-title":"The correlation of changes of the optic nerve diameter in the acute retrobulbar neuritis with the brain changes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Titli\u0107 M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"16","volume-title":"High\u2010resolution sonography of the peripheral nervous system","author":"Gruber H","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318267d610"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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