{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:28:17Z","timestamp":1791300497309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]],"date-time":"2015-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Huayi"},{"name":"Siuling Zhang Discovery Fund"},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: To characterize cellular infiltrates in muscle biopsies from patients with anti\u20103\u2010hydroxy\u20103\u2010methyl\u2010gulatryl\u2010CoA reductase (HMGCR)\u2010associated myopathy. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: Biopsies from 18 anti\u2010HMGCR myopathy and 7 control dermatomyositis patients were analyzed. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: CD4+ and CD8+ T\u2010cells were scattered within the endomysium in 50% of anti\u2010HMGCR biopsies. All anti\u2010HMGCR biopsies included increased endomysial and\/or perivascular CD163+ M2 macrophages; CD11c+ M1 macrophages were present in 18.8%. CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic (PD) cells were observed within the endomysium and perivascular spaces in 62.5% of anti\u2010HMGCR biopsies. Membrane attack complex was deposited on endothelial cells in 50% and on the sarcolemma of nonnecrotic muscle fibers in 85.7% of anti\u2010HMGCR cases. Major histocompatibility complex class I antigen was up\u2010regulated in 87.5% of the anti\u2010HMGCR cases. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: In addition to necrosis, scattered CD4+, CD8+, and PD cells are characteristic of anti\u2010HMGCR myopathy. Predominant M2 polarization suggests infiltrating macrophages are more likely to be involved with tissue repair than destruction. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic>, 2015. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>52<\/jats:bold>: 189\u2013195, 2015<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T23:53:08Z","timestamp":1425426788000},"page":"189-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The composition of cellular infiltrates in anti\u2010HMG\u2010CoA reductase\u2010associated myopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Tae","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Christopher\u2010Stine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie J.","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Corse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Mammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muscle Disease Unit, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Expression, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health 50 South Drive, Room 1146, Building 50, MSC 8024 Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2004.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00454.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00735.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/491497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/2006-00085.Baechler"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0570-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies","volume":"16","author":"Arahata K","year":"1984","journal-title":"I. 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