{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:10:02Z","timestamp":1770513002226,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) may rarely manifest as a peripheral locked\u2010in syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical and instrumental features of a fulminant form of infantile GBS were assessed. Results: After 2 days of rhinitis, a 6\u2010month\u2010old infant was intubated in the emergency room for sudden\u2010onset respiratory failure. Neurological examination showed generalized areflexic flaccid paralysis with no detectable interaction, which resembled a coma. Brain MRI was normal. Lumbar puncture showed pleocytosis (43 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) PCR positivity. EEG showed normal sleep\u2013wake cycles, and EMG demonstrated nerve inexcitability. Acyclovir and immunoglobulins provided no benefit. After 1 week, lumbar puncture showed albuminocytological dissociation (protein 217\u2009mg\/dl). Plasmapheresis was then started, and progressive improvement occurred. At age 1 year, the child had recovered well with residual distal lower limb hyporeflexic weakness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fulminant infantile GBS variant presenting as peripheral locked\u2010in syndrome can be associated with HSV1 infection likely due to autoimmune cross\u2010reactivity. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>53<\/jats:bold>: 140\u2013143, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T21:39:21Z","timestamp":1442353161000},"page":"140-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Locked\u2010in\u2013like fulminant infantile Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with herpes simplex virus 1 infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Robertino","family":"Dilena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Unit Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico via Francesco Sforza 20122 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Strazzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation 3 Scientific Institute \u201cE. Medea,\u201d Bosisio Parini Lecco Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Paglialonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tadini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Unit Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico via Francesco Sforza 20122 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Unit Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico via Francesco Sforza 20122 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324710"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"636","article-title":"Locked\u2010in state mimicking cerebral death in a child with Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome [in Spanish]","volume":"44","author":"Ortiz\u2010Corredor F","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051213"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt285"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.6.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"CD001798","article-title":"Plasma exchange for Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Rapha\u00ebl JC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10305"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmus.24908","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.24908","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T17:46:13Z","timestamp":1695491173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.24908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.24908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.24908","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}}}