{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:41:49Z","timestamp":1790991709881,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (GA) is a rare condition caused by the gelsolin gene mutation. The diagnostic triad includes corneal lattice dystrophy (type 2), progressive bilateral facial paralysis, and cutis laxa. Detailed information on facial paralysis in GA and the extent of cranial nerve injury is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>29 GA patients undergoing facial corrective surgery were interviewed, examined, and studied electroneurophysiologically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All showed dysfunction of facial (VII) and trigeminal (V) nerves, two\u2010thirds of oculomotor (III) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves, and half of vestibulocochlear (acoustic) (VIII) nerve. Clinical involvement of frontal, zygomatic, and buccal facial nerve branches was seen in 97%, 83%, and 52% of patients, respectively. Electromyography showed marked motor unit potential loss in facial musculature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cranial nerve involvement in GA is more widespread than previously described, and correlates with age, severity of facial paralysis, and electromyographic findings. We describe a grading method for bilateral facial paralysis in GA, which is essential for evaluation of disease progression and the need for treatment. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> 53: 762\u2013769, 2016<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]],"date-time":"2015-09-30T23:54:38Z","timestamp":1443657278000},"page":"762-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Progressive cranial nerve involvement and grading of facial paralysis in gelsolin amyloidosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Tiia","family":"Pihlamaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6 Hospital of Helsinki University Central Hospital P.O. Box 266 00029 HUS Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapani","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Helsinki University Central Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinikka","family":"Suominen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6 Hospital of Helsinki University Central Hospital P.O. Box 266 00029 HUS Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Kiuru\u2010Enari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Helsinki University Central Hospital  Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"314","article-title":"Familial systemic paramyloidosis with lattice dystrophy of the cornea, progressive cranial neuropathy, skin changes and various internal symptoms. 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