{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T06:06:15Z","timestamp":1783058775396,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]],"date-time":"2016-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kommission f\u00fcr klinische Forschung, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany","award":["KKF C21-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKF C21-08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional immobility of the diaphragm by mechanical ventilation impairs neuromuscular transmission and may result in ventilator\u2010induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. We compared 3 diaphragmatic immobilization models with respect to their effects on expression of adult and fetal acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), muscle\u2010specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), and muscle fiber morphology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diaphragms of rats were immobilized by either: (1) phrenicotomy; (2) presynaptic tetrodotoxin nerve blockade; or (3) postsynaptic polyethylene orthosis. AChR subtypes and MuSK were quantified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Muscle fiber morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult AChRs remained unchanged, whereas fetal AChRs and MuSK were upregulated in all models. Denervation induced the strongest changes in muscle morphology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each diaphragm immobilization model led to severe morphologic and postsynaptic receptor changes. Postsynaptic polyethylene orthosis, a new model with an intact and functioning motor unit, best reflects the clinical picture of a functionally immobilized diaphragm. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>55<\/jats:bold>: 101\u2013108, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T23:11:48Z","timestamp":1461366708000},"page":"101-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Denervation versus pre\u2010 and postsynaptic muscle immobilization: Effects On acetylcholine\u2010 and muscle\u2010specific tyrosine kinase receptors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Anaesthesiologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger Strasse 22 81675 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saida","family":"Zoubaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kretschmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Anaesthesiologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger Strasse 22 81675 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Anaesthesiologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger Strasse 22 81675 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Blobner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Anaesthesiologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger Strasse 22 81675 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidrun","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Anaesthesiologie Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger Strasse 22 81675 M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502093320601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c31297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81251-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90146-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.4.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.4.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.5.1640"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90113-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/321406a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199205000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.6.9806147"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmus.25159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmus.25159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.25159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.25159","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.25159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T01:09:49Z","timestamp":1694135389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.25159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.25159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.25159","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,23]]}}}