{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:05:19Z","timestamp":1790697919837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["26293206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26293206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["25461276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25461276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Welfare, Health and Labor of Japan (Research on Intractable Diseases)","award":["H23-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H23-012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we aimed to determine whether transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2) signaling is dysregulated in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) muscle samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined TGF\u2010\u03b2 signaling markers in muscle samples from 24 sIBM patients and compared them with those from 10 dermatomyositis (DM) patients using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the DM muscle fibers, the sIBM muscle fibers exhibited greater TGF\u2010\u03b2, TGF\u2010\u03b2 receptor type I (T\u03b2RI), and TGF\u2010\u03b2 receptor type II (T\u03b2RII) immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm, as well as greater phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2) immunoreactivity in the myonuclei. The signal intensities of TGF\u2010\u03b2, T\u03b2RI, and T\u03b2RII immunoreactivity correlated significantly with muscle fiber cross\u2010sectional areas. Western blot analyses indicated higher expression levels of TGF\u2010\u03b2, T\u03b2RI, T\u03b2RII, and pSmad2 in the sIBM muscle samples than in the DM muscle samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data indicate that upregulation of TGF\u2010\u03b2 signaling may be an important molecular event in sIBM. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> 55: 741\u2013747, 2017<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T08:56:50Z","timestamp":1473843410000},"page":"741-747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 signaling is upregulated in sporadic inclusion body myositis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Seiya","family":"Noda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya 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