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Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, and pernicious anemia are the most frequent GAD65 autoimmune associations. One or more of these disorders coexists in approximately 70% of patients with GAD65 neurological autoimmunity. Neurological phenotypes have CNS localization and include limbic encephalitis, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and stiff\u2010person syndrome (SPS), among others. Classic SPS is a disorder on the spectrum of CNS hyperexcitability which also includes phenotypes that are either more restricted (stiff\u2010limb syndrome) or more widespread (progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus). GAD65 antibody is not highly predictive of a paraneoplastic cause for neurological disorders, but diverse cancer types have been occasionally reported. For all phenotypes, responses to immunotherapy are variable (approximately 50% improve). GAD65 autoimmunity is important to recognize for both coexisting nonneurological autoimmune associations and potential immunotherapy\u2010response.\n                    <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>56<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 15\u201327, 2017\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]],"date-time":"2017-01-07T03:53:54Z","timestamp":1483761234000},"page":"15-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["GAD65 neurological autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"McKeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 1st Street SW Rochester Minnesota 55905 USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 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