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Here, we seek to determine whether discontinuing or delaying MS after facial\u2013facial anastomosis (FFA) leads to similar results. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: Rats were subjected to FFA and received MS for (1) 4 months (early and continued), (2) the first but not the last 2 months (discontinued), or (3) the last 2 months (delayed). Intact animals and those not receiving MS (no MS) were also examined. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Early and continued MS restored whisking amplitude to 43\u00b0, a value significantly higher compared with the discontinued, delayed, and no MS groups (32\u00b0, 24\u00b0, and 10\u00b0, respectively). Motor end plate polyinnervation occurred in all experimental groups but was significantly higher in the delayed group. <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>: Early and continued MS results in better recovery than when it is either discontinued or delayed. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>57<\/jats:bold>: 100\u2013106, 2018<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,18]],"date-time":"2017-02-18T15:56:43Z","timestamp":1487433403000},"page":"100-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Early and continued manual stimulation is required for long\u2010term recovery after facial nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Grosheva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology University of Cologne Cologne 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