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The pathology is characterized by autoantibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in most patients or to muscle\u2010specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) in others and to a growing number of other postsynaptic proteins in smaller subsets. A decrease in the number of functional AChRs or functional interruption of the AChR within the muscle end plate of the neuromuscular junction is caused by pathogenic autoantibodies. Although the molecular immunology underpinning the pathology is well understood, much remains to be learned about the cellular immunology contributing to the production of autoantibodies. This Review documents research concerning the immunopathology of MG, bringing together evidence principally from human studies with an emphasis on the role of adaptive immunity and B cells in particular. Proposed mechanisms for autoimmunity, which take into account that different types of MG may incorporate divergent immunopathology, are offered.\n                    <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>57<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 172\u2013184, 2018\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T11:56:40Z","timestamp":1505908600000},"page":"172-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["B cells in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"John S.","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Guptill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Section Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panos","family":"Stathopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine Room 353J, 300 George Street, New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine Room 353J, 300 George Street, New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine Room 353J, 300 George Street, New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-012-0258-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2000.01785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.01.025"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.144.3.739","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. 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