{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:30:15Z","timestamp":1783661415082,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"South Africa National Research Foundation","award":["113416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113416"]}]},{"name":"Neurology Research Fund"},{"name":"UCT Faculty of Health Sciences"},{"name":"AFM Telethon","award":["20049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20049"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Although immunotherapies such as prednisone are effective in treating myasthenic muscle weakness, their effect on resolution of myasthenic\u2010induced persistent ophthalmoparesis is unknown. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: We observed patients with myasthenia gravis during their first year of immunotherapy, documenting ophthalmoplegia scores and drug doses. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Seventy\u2010six of 87 cases had persistent ophthalmoparesis. With immunotherapy, the median time to resolution of ophthalmoparesis was 7 months, and 37% of cases resolved within 3 months. Patients starting therapy within 12 months of symptom onset were twice as likely to have resolution in the first year (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028). Resolution of ophthalmoparesis within 3 months, compared with later resolution, was associated with higher initial prednisone doses (mean 0.5 vs. 0.3\u2009mg\/kg\/day; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). However, 25% of the higher dose group also received intravenous immunoglobulin\/plasma exchange; after their exclusion, the finding was not significant. <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>: One\u2010third of cases with myasthenic ophthalmoparesis resolved within 3 months of immunotherapy, particularly in response to more aggressive immunotherapy. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>58<\/jats:bold>: 542\u2013549, 2018<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T08:54:55Z","timestamp":1527065695000},"page":"542-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Myasthenic ophthalmoparesis: Time To resolution after initiating immune therapies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tarin A.","family":"Europa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannine M.","family":"Heckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33764.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000263481.14289.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327669.75695.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"959","article-title":"Incidence of seropositive myasthenia gravis in Cape Town and South Africa","volume":"97","author":"Bateman KJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-46"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2007.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.5390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2009.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2015.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1993.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569520701830992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0421-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.063404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"CD002277","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis","volume":"12","author":"Gajdos P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2014.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102635"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmus.26172","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.26172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T21:48:17Z","timestamp":1694296097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.26172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.26172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26172","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}