{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:01:54Z","timestamp":1793088114903,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Universally established comprehensive clinical bulbar scales objectively assessing disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are currently lacking. The goal of this working group project is to design a best practice set of provisional bulbar ALS guidelines, available for immediate implementation within all ALS clinics. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: ALS specialists across multiple related disciplines participated in a series of clinical bulbar symposia, intending to identify and summarize the currently accepted best practices for the assessment and management of bulbar dysfunction in ALS <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Summary group recommendations for individual speech, Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), and swallowing sections were achieved, focusing on the optimal proposed level of care within each domain. <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>: We have identified specific clinical recommendations for each of the 3 domains of bulbar functioning, available for incorporation within all ALS clinics. Future directions will be to establish a formal set of bulbar guidelines through a methodological and evidence\u2010based approach. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> 59:531\u2013531, 2019<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T05:58:30Z","timestamp":1547013510000},"page":"531-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Provisional best practices guidelines for the evaluation of bulbar dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Pattee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Associates P.C  Lincoln NE U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-4297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily K.","family":"Plowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendrea L.","family":"(Focht) Garand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology University of South Alabama  Mobile AL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Charlestown, MA, U.S.A., ALS Augmentative Communication Program Boston Children's Hospital  Boston MA U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Rix","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolinas Medical Center  Charlotte NC U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James 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Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, \u201cDino Ferrari\u201d Center Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Milano  Milan 20122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daragh","family":"Heitzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Neurology, P.A  Dallas TX U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Wymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Rehabilitation Science  Gainesville FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8780-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Goutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Neurology  Ann Arbor MI U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah 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