{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:44:02Z","timestamp":1784180642989,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Funds for Regional Development","award":["GHS-15-0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHS-15-0017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: The standard ultrasonographic measurement tools (trace, ellipse) of cross\u2010sectional areas (CSAs) of very small nerves typically yield rough measures in full square millimeters. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: In 70 volunteers, the elliptically shaped CSAs of mid\u2010cervical vagus, accessory, and phrenic nerves were estimated with three methods: 2 on\u2010board tools (area tracing, ellipse fitting) and an off\u2010line calculation of the CSA after on\u2010board measuring of its long\u2010axis and short\u2010axis diameters both displayed with 1\u20102 digits following the decimal point. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: CSA measures of all mid\u2010cervical nerves obtained with the precise approach were smaller than the two standard measures (each <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Larger CSA of right compared to left vagus nerve was detected with all methods. However, decrease of accessory and phrenic nerve CSAs with increasing age and larger size of vagus nerve CSA in women vs. men were evident only with precise measures. <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>: Small nerve CSA should preferably be estimated with precise measures. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> 59:486\u2013491, 2019<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]],"date-time":"2019-01-13T11:31:21Z","timestamp":1547379081000},"page":"486-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Differential age\u2010, gender\u2010, and side\u2010dependency of vagus, spinal accessory, and phrenic nerve calibers detected with precise ultrasonography measures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rostock  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Tsiberidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rostock  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.3.1760745"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200811000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"Spinal Accessory Nerve: Ultrasound Findings and Correlations with Neck Lymph Node Levels","volume":"37","author":"Hong MJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2016.40.2.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2014.936387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E653","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2019.19.E653","article-title":"Ultrasound\u2010Guided Phrenic Nerve Block for Intractable Hiccups following Placement of Esophageal Stent for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Arsanious D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13621"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5398-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.12.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7648-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1579-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","article-title":"Anatomical study of the medial plantar proper digital nerve using ultrasound","author":"Le Corroller T","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091390312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90016-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2690-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01207.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.01.041"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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