{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:44:09Z","timestamp":1780541049990,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis investigates the placebo response in generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) trials by means of Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, and EMBASE were searched. QMG score, dropouts rate, adverse events (AEs), and AEs responsible for dropouts were examined, together with treatment moderators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The magnitude of placebo response showed an effect size of 0.24, which was significantly lower than 0.67 of the drug response (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.019). Furthermore, the forest plot revealed that, overall, active treatments showed a significantly higher impact on QMG scores than placebos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placebo and drug responses in MG trials are small and moderate, respectively. The lack of MG trials with a pure placebo arm or a no\u2010treatment control arm made it impossible to disentangle improvements due to the placebo psychological effect from other effects such as natural history and\/or regression to the mean. <jats:italic>Muscle Nerve<\/jats:italic> 59:671\u2013678, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T22:08:40Z","timestamp":1552946920000},"page":"671-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The placebo response in myasthenia gravis assessed by quantitative myasthenia gravis score: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3783-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Frisaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Turin Medical School  Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Shaibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nerve &amp; Muscle Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Vollert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Research, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery &amp; Cancer Imperial College London  London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Center of Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Turin Medical School  Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Carrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Turin Medical School  Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayan Dhamer","family":"Ibraheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nerve &amp; 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