{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:58:35Z","timestamp":1777636715364,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,21]],"date-time":"2019-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to determine whether maternal smoking and offspring's own smoking affect the offspring's risk for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample consisted of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 8703). Information on maternal smoking was collected from the participants\u2019 mothers. At 31\u2009years, information on smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and long\u2010term illnesses were collected, combined with data of CTS diagnoses from the Care Register for Health Care (1997\u20132016).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal smoking was not associated with increased risk of CTS in offspring. Before the age of 31\u2009years, smoking \u226410 pack years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11\u20132.15) and\u2009&gt;10 pack years (HR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.20\u20133.01) among women, and\u2009&gt;10 pack years (HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.14\u20133.12) among men was associated with CTS compared with nonsmokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this birth cohort, offsprings\u2019 own smoking was associated with CTS; however, maternal smoking was not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T17:44:40Z","timestamp":1562262280000},"page":"299-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Smoking as risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: A birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0555-047X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Hulkkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Finland, P.O. Box 266, FI\u201000029 HUS Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jouko","family":"Miettunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Course Health Research University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaro","family":"Karppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"Ryh\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki  Finland, P.O. 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