{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:19:02Z","timestamp":1791292742844,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we present a reproducible technique to assess motor recovery after nerve injury via neuromuscular junction (NMJ) immunostaining and electrodiagnostic testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wild\u2010type mice underwent sciatic nerve transection with repair. Hindlimb muscles were collected for microscopy up to 30\u2009weeks after injury. Immunostaining was used to assess axons (NF200), Schwann cells (S100), and motor endplates (\u03b1\u2010bungarotoxin). Compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude was used to assess tibialis anterior (TA) function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One week after injury, nearly all (98.0%) endplates were denervated. At 8\u2009weeks, endplates were either partially (28.3%) or fully (71.7%) reinnervated. At 16\u2009weeks, NMJ reinnervation reached 87.3%. CMAP amplitude was 83% of naive mice at 16\u2009weeks and correlated with percentage of fully reinnervated NMJs. Morphological differences were noted between injured and noninjured NMJs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a reproducible method for evaluating NMJ reinnervation. Electrodiagnostic data summarize NMJ recovery. Characterization of wild\u2010type reinnervation provides important data for consideration in experimental design and interpretation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T14:40:59Z","timestamp":1565707259000},"page":"604-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["What is Normal? Neuromuscular junction reinnervation after nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Vannucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine B.","family":"Santosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albina","family":"Jablonka\u2010Shariff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuieng\u2010Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"MacEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9882-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison K.","family":"Snyder\u2010Warwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/698256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2013.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200006)23:6<863::AID-MUS4>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2011.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1768-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450590882172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811104030209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1379-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic electrical stimulation of injured peripheral nerve tissue using implantable thin\u2010film wireless nerve stimulators","author":"MacEwan MR","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.4.1399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01781.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-05-01643.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519156113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2017.26.3.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90188-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90189-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(1997)5 <83::AID-MUS20>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100926"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-12-03905.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"8194","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptors in innervated muscles of dystrophic mdx mice degrade as after denervation","volume":"17","author":"Xu R","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303646110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880120709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Skeletal muscle fiber types in C57BL6J mice","volume":"21","author":"Augusto V","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz J Morphol Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.05.003"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmus.26654","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.26654","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.26654","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.26654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T13:40:44Z","timestamp":1693748444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.26654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.26654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26654","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}