{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:46:22Z","timestamp":1792172782820,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Does electrical stimulation (ES) of denervated muscles delay or prevent reinnervation, or increase synkinesis? In this retrospective study we evaluate the outcome, with and without ES, of patients with acutely denervated facial muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of ES was analyzed in two experiments. In the first experiment, 39 patients (6 with home\u2010based ES, median 17.5\u2009months) underwent facial nerve reconstruction surgery. Time to recovery of volitional movements was analyzed. The second experiment involved 13 patients (7 with ES, median 19\u2009months) during spontaneous reinnervation. Sunnybrook and eFACE scores provided functional outcome measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No difference in time of reinnervation after facial nerve reconstruction surgery was seen between the patients with and without ES (median [interquartile range]: 4.5 [3.0\u20105.25] vs 5.7 [3.5\u20109.5] months; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .2). After spontaneous reinnervation, less synkinesis was noted (Sunnybrook synkinesis score: 3.0 [2.0\u20133.0] vs 5.5 [4.75\u20107.0]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02) with ES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We find no evidence that ES prevents or delays reinnervation or increases synkinesis in facial paralysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T03:20:57Z","timestamp":1577330457000},"page":"347-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Surface electrical stimulation for facial paralysis is not harmful"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Wiebke C.","family":"Puls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center Jena Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Ruck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center Jena Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Science Jena Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas\u2010Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center Jena Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1245-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd Fabian","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Facial Nerve Center Jena Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"547","article-title":"Electrical stimulation as a therapeutic option to improve eyelid function in chronic facial nerve disorders","volume":"40","author":"Gittins J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310366129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/bam.2015.2.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10833196.2017.1368967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02602.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.10.JNS11612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06631.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2000.01341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314562117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315604399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989110400609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2036-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989670206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Validation of the German version of the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [in German]","volume":"96","author":"Neumann T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Video instruction for synchronous video recording of mimic movement of patients with facial palsy [video]","volume":"96","author":"Schaede RA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1594.2002.00905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Partners, protocols, demography","volume":"19","author":"Kern H","year":"2009","journal-title":"Basic Appl Myol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjx238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23769"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2008.00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24204"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.26784","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.26784","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.26784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T15:31:19Z","timestamp":1693927879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.26784"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.26784"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26784","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}