{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:50:22Z","timestamp":1772103022928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]],"date-time":"2020-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiculopathies caused by spinal stenosis in the upper lumbar spinal canal (L1\/2, L2\/3, L3\/4) have not been comprehensively investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study reviewed 14 patients from a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic. The inclusion criteria were upper lumbar stenosis seen on MRI and radiculopathies with active denervation confirmed on electromyography. Patients with any other conditions that could explain the clinical or electrophysiological manifestations were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurogenic findings were predominantly observed in L5 or S1 myotomes on electromyography. Abnormal spontaneous activity was observed in distal muscles in all patients and in proximal muscles in eight patients. Axonal involvement was bilateral in 10 patients and unilaterally in 4 patients. MRI showed redundant nerve roots in 13 patients with chronic reinnervation on electromyography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upper lumbar spinal stenosis usually causes L5 or S1 radiculopathies with diverse patterns. This discrepancy may cause diagnostic confusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T16:13:38Z","timestamp":1582647218000},"page":"580-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Electrodiagnostic characteristics of upper lumbar stenosis: Discrepancy between neurological and structural levels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine  Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun G.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-578X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2007.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199807000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000082369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3346-z"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Serpentine myelographic defect caused by a redundant nerve root","volume":"28","author":"Cressman MR","year":"1968","journal-title":"Case report. 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