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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used noninvasively to monitor nerve degeneration and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate nerve repair after MSC transplantation combined with microenvironment immunomodulation in neurotmesis by using multiparametric MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats with sciatic nerve transection and surgical coaptation were treated with MSCs combined with immunomodulation or MSCs alone. Serial multiparametric MRI examinations were performed over an 8\u2010week period after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nerves treated with MSCs combined with immunomodulation showed better functional recovery, rapid recovery of nerve T2, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity values, and more rapid restoration of the fiber tracks than nerves treated with MSCs alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transplantation of MSCs in combination with immunomodulation can exert a synergistic repair effect on neurotmesis, which can be monitored by multiparametric MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]],"date-time":"2020-03-14T14:55:53Z","timestamp":1584197753000},"page":"815-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging of enhanced nerve repair with mesenchymal stem cells combined with microenvironment immunomodulation in neurotmesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Zehong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chushan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binglin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Sun 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Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7746-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Sun Yat\u2010Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2018.1517859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diffusion tensor tractography to visualize axonal outgrowth and regeneration in a 4\u2010cm reverse autograft sciatic nerve rabbit injury model","volume":"40","author":"Farinas AF","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol 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