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Our earlier work with Sprague Dawley (SD)\/Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats, which are blind and spontaneously restore NMJ\u2010monoinnervation and whisking, showed correlations between functional recovery and increase of fibroblast growth factor\u20102 (FGF2) and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in denervated vibrissal muscles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used normally sighted rats (Wistar), in which NMJ\u2010polyinnervation is highly correlated with poor whisking recovery, and injected the vibrissal muscle levator labii superioris (LLS) with combinations of BDNF, anti\u2010BDNF, and FGF2 at different postoperative periods after facial nerve injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rats receiving anti\u2010BDNF+FGF2 showed low NMJ\u2010polyinnervation and best recovery of whisking amplitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Restoration of target reinnervation after peripheral nerve injury requires a complex mixture of trophic factors with a specific time course of availability for each of them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T13:17:02Z","timestamp":1591276622000},"page":"404-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Neutralizing\n                    <scp>BDNF<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>FGF2<\/scp>\n                    injection into denervated skeletal muscle improve recovery after nerve repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Svenja","family":"Rink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental and Oral Medicine University of Cologne  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Chatziparaskeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I University of Cologne  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Elles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I University of Cologne  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stoyan","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Medical University  Varna Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Nohroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I University of Cologne  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Bendella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC)  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"Sarikcioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Manthou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Aristotle University Thessaloniki  Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doychin N.","family":"Angelov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I University of Cologne  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