{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:10:13Z","timestamp":1790766613668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005202","name":"Muscular Dystrophy Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["577897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["577897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AR074048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AR074048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56AR073193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AR073193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to assess key muscle imaging and contractility parameters in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) rat model (Dmd\u2010KO rat), which have not yet been characterized sufficiently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed in\u2010vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for thigh and leg muscles, and performed hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and in\u2010vivo muscle contractility testing in specific hindlimb muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI prior to testing muscle contractility revealed multiple, unevenly distributed focal hyperintensities in the Dmd\u2010KO rat quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles. H&amp;E staining showed corresponding areas of inflammation and ongoing regeneration. In\u2010vivo contractile testing showed maximal force generated by Dmd\u2010KO muscles was significantly lower, and susceptibility to injury was ~ two\u2010fold greater in the Dmd\u2010KO rats compared to wild\u2010type (WT) rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Together, the MRI findings, histological findings, and the low strength and high susceptibility to injury in muscles support use of the Dmd\u2010KO rat as an animal model of DMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T03:28:34Z","timestamp":1600831714000},"page":"757-761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Muscle phenotype of a rat model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Shama R.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6613-3904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer B.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9899-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Lovering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199509001-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.4.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.12.1372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7353com"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880110809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90027-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880070903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.16.2459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.042192"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.14440\/jbm.2014.34","article-title":"A stepwise procedure to test contractility and susceptibility to injury for the rodent quadriceps muscle","volume":"1","author":"Pratt SJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Method"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.241679"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00199.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"2782","article-title":"An in vivo rodent model of contraction\u2010induced injury and non\u2010invasive monitoring of recovery 1","volume":"51","author":"Lovering RM","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00530.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3810-0_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham H","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/970726"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1139\/o98-033","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of regenerating and dystrophic mouse muscle","volume":"76","author":"McIntosh LM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02131"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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