{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:16:06Z","timestamp":1793103366016,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear whether the heart is affected in pediatric patients with milder forms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Therefore, we aimed to determine the presence of any cardiac abnormalities in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study of children and adolescents with SMA types 2 and 3 between July 2018 and July 2019. All patients underwent a comprehensive cardiac evaluation, including history\u2010taking, physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, measurement of cardiac biomarkers (cardiac troponin T [cTnT] and N\u2010terminal pro\u2013brain natriuretic peptide [NT\u2010proBNP]), and 24\u2010hour Holter monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 42 patients were enrolled (27 and 15 with SMA type 2 and 3, respectively). No patient had structural heart disease, except for one with mitral valve prolapse. None had signs of ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography. Both cTnT and NT\u2010proBNP levels were normal in all patients. Electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia in seven patients (16.7%), and prolonged P\u2010R interval in one (2.4%). Holter monitoring detected benign ventricular arrhythmias in two patients (4.8%), and rare supraventricular premature beats in one. The mean 24\u2010hour heart rate was elevated in six patients (14.3%), whereas both the minimum 24\u2010hour heart rate and the maximum R\u2010R interval were increased in 23 (54.8%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of cardiac disease in pediatric patients with SMA types 2 and 3 is low; however, these patients may have increased resting heart rates. A complete cardiac history and physical examination are a useful screen. Additional cardiac investigations may be performed as needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T03:44:36Z","timestamp":1602474276000},"page":"75-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cardiac findings in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy types 2 and 3"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6285-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Djordjevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Children's Hospital  Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedrana","family":"Milic\u2010Rasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth  Belgrade 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