{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T12:15:21Z","timestamp":1768220121814,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) initially present with ocular symptoms, but it is difficult to predict which cases will remain as ocular MG (OMG) or will progress to generalized MG. Herein we evaluated the serologic profile of Japanese OMG and its relationship with clinical features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010three patients with OMG from five Japanese myasthenia gravis (MG) centers were enrolled. Live cell\u2010based assays (CBAs) were used to determine the presence of autoantibodies (Abs) to clustered adult (2\u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b4, \u03b5) and fetal (2\u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b4, \u03b3) acetylcholine receptor (AChR) isoforms, muscle\u2010specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), and lipoprotein receptor\u2013related protein\u20104 (LRP4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010four of 73 (46.5%) serum samples were positive for Abs against both the adult\u2010type and fetal\u2010type AChR, as expected, but 7 (9.6%) and 2 (2.7%) were positive only for fetal or adult AChR\u2010Abs, respectively. Four (5.4%) samples were positive for MuSK\u2010Abs, but two of these also contained antibodies to fetal AChR or LRP4. Twenty\u2010six (35.6%) samples were seronegative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abs against fetal\u2010specific AChR, MuSK, and LRP4 are found in some patients with OMG. Future studies attempting to predict conversion from ocular symptoms to generalized MG may benefit from measurement of these antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T12:15:33Z","timestamp":1603455333000},"page":"262-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Autoantibodies in Japanese patients with ocular myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Nagaishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Woodhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarosh R.","family":"Irani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1988.tb06970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.108498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0032-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.8196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007096","article-title":"A multicenter comparison of MOG\u2010IgG cell\u2010based assays","volume":"92","author":"Waters PJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-012-1256-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880171208"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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