{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:09:59Z","timestamp":1787911799776,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Passive data from smartphone sensors may be useful for health\u2010care research. Our aim was to use the coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic as a positive control to assess the ability to quantify behavioral changes in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from smartphone data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight participants used the Beiwe smartphone application, which passively measured their location during the COVID\u201019 outbreak. We used an interrupted time series to quantify the effect of the US state of emergency declaration on daily home time and daily distance traveled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the state of emergency declaration, median daily home time increased from 19.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 15.4\u201022.0) hours to 23.7 (IQR, 22.2\u201024.0) hours and median distance traveled decreased from 42 (IQR, 13\u201083) km to 3.7 (IQR, 1.5\u201010.3) km. The participant with the lowest functional ability changed behavior earlier. This participant stayed at home more and traveled less than the participant with highest functional ability, both before and after the state of emergency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide evidence that smartphone\u2010based digital phenotyping can quantify the behavior of people with ALS. Although participants spent large amounts of time at home at baseline, the COVID\u201019 state of emergency declaration reduced their mobility further. Given participants' high level of daily home time, it is possible that their exposure to COVID\u201019 could be less than that of the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T12:15:03Z","timestamp":1603973703000},"page":"258-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Smartphone data during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic can quantify behavioral changes in people with <scp>ALS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1765-4890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna L.","family":"Beukenhorst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Minhajur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Clapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Charan","family":"Konanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0505-1168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Paganoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka\u2010Pekka","family":"Onnela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019): social distancing quarantine and isolation.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/prevent-getting-sick\/social-distancing.html. Last accessed 11\/24\/2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019): People who are at higher risk for severe illness.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/need\u2010extra\u2010precautions\/people\u2010at\u2010higher\u2010risk.html. Last accessed 11\/24\/2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","author":"Onnela JP","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxy059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial","volume":"46","author":"Bernal JL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00210-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tracking public and private responses to the COVID\u201019 epidemic: evidence from state and local government actions","author":"Gupta S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Bureau Econ Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2018.1508477"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.27110","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.27110","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.27110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T08:51:36Z","timestamp":1693558296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.27110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.27110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.27110","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}