{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:33:59Z","timestamp":1790278439752,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the hallmarks of injured skeletal muscle is the appearance of elevated skeletal muscle proteins in circulation. Human skeletal muscle generally consists of a mosaic of slow (type I) and fast (type IIa, IIx\/d) fibers, defined by their myosin isoform expression. Recently, measurement of circulating fiber\u2010type specific isoforms of troponin I has been used as a biomarker to suggest that muscle injury in healthy volunteers (HV) results in the appearance of muscle proteins from fast but not slow fibers. We sought to understand if this is also the case in severe myopathy patients with Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (BMD, DMD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that selectively measures fast and slow skeletal troponin I (TNNI2 and TNNI1) was used to measure a cross\u2010section of patient plasma samples from HV (N\u00a0=\u00a050), BMD (N\u00a0=\u00a049), and DMD (N\u00a0=\u00a0132) patients. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was also measured from the same samples for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TNNI2 was elevated in BMD and DMD and correlated with the injury biomarker, CK. In contrast, TNNI1 levels were indistinguishable from levels in HV. There was an inverse relationship between CK and TNNI2 levels and age, but no relationship for TNNI1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We define a surprising discrepancy between TNNI1 and TNNI2 in patient plasma that may have implications for the interpretation of elevated muscle protein levels in dystrophinopathies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T14:45:11Z","timestamp":1615214711000},"page":"43-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Elevation of fast but not slow troponin I in the circulation of patients with Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Barthel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edgewise Therapeutics, BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Binghamton University \u2013 State University of New York  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ziemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Binghamton University \u2013 State University of New York  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Straub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric P.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Binghamton University \u2013 State University of New York  Binghamton New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan J.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edgewise Therapeutics, BioFrontiers Institute University of Colorado  Boulder Colorado 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