{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1779926551437,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant\/Award Number: R01 NS091159 (SBR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant\/Award Number: R01 NS091159 (SBR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surface electrical impedance myography (sEIM) has the potential for providing information on muscle composition and structure noninvasively. We sought to evaluate its use to predict myofiber size and connective tissue deposition in the D2\u2010<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We applied a prediction algorithm, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, to select specific EIM measurements obtained with surface and ex vivo EIM data from D2\u2010<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> and wild\u2010type (WT) mice (analyzed together or separately). We assessed myofiber cross\u2010sectional area histologically and hydroxyproline (HP), a surrogate measure for connective tissue content, biochemically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using WT and D2\u2010<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> impedance values together in the algorithm, sEIM gave average root\u2010mean\u2010square errors (RMSEs) of 26.6% for CSA and 45.8% for HP, which translate into mean errors of \u00b1363\u2009\u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for a mean CSA of 1365\u2009\u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and of \u00b11.44\u2009\u03bcg HP\/mg muscle for a mean HP content of 3.15\u2009\u03bcg HP\/mg muscle. Stronger predictions were obtained by analyzing sEIM data from D2\u2010<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> animals alone (RMSEs of 15.3% for CSA and 34.1% for HP content). Predictions made using ex vivo EIM data from D2\u2010<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> animals alone were nearly equivalent to those obtained with sEIM data (RMSE of 16.59% for CSA), and slightly more accurate for HP (RMSE of 26.7%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surface EIM combined with a predictive algorithm can provide estimates of muscle pathology comparable to values obtained using ex vivo EIM, and can be used as a surrogate measure of disease severity and progression and response to therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T02:02:20Z","timestamp":1616551340000},"page":"941-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Estimating myofiber cross\u2010sectional area and connective tissue deposition with electrical impedance myography: A study in 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