{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:15:51Z","timestamp":1791825351650,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is uncertain whether clinical outcomes differ between male and female patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) while receiving standard clinical care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a prospective cohort study of 107 patients with MG receiving standard of care from 2012 to 2019, the Quantitative MG (QMG), the MG Composite (MGC), the MG Activities of Daily Living (MG\u2010ADL), and the MG Quality of Life 15\u2010Items (QOL15) were determined. Clinical outcomes were analyzed in relation to gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean follow\u2010up time was 4.8 (\u00b10.4) y, and 70 patients completed all follow\u2010up assessments. Patients improved on all clinical scores: QMG \u20101.8 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), MGC \u20101.5 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), MG\u2010ADL \u20101.3 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and QOL15 \u20103.0 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Females improved less than males on the QMG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01), MGC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), MG\u2010ADL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006), and QOL15 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) independent of potential confounders. Males had moderate to strong correlations between changes in all clinical scales (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> range 0.52 to 0.73), whereas females had weak correlations between changes in the QMG and MG\u2010ADL (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.13), the QMG and QOL15 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.27), the MGC and MG\u2010ADL (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.21), the MGC and QOL15 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.00), and the MG\u2010ADL and QOL15 (<jats:italic>r\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.31).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Females improved less compared to males on objective and patient\u2010reported outcomes. Moreover, females improved more on objective measures than on patient\u2010reported outcomes. These gender differences should receive attention in clinical care and in the design of future trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1622009125000},"page":"538-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Gender differences in clinical outcomes in myasthenia gravis: A\u2009prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-0406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan L. S.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotte","family":"Vinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Harbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.52.7.1487"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0298-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of refractory myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"86","author":"Suh J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00912-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Statistics corner: a guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka MM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09667-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.596382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dc1b1e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0b013e31824619d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004676"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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