{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:05:34Z","timestamp":1785247534845,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are widely used in diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy. Combining the <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores of several measures (Z\u2010compounds) may improve diagnostics by grading abnormality. We aimed to determine which combination of nerves and measures is best suited for studies of diabetic polyneuropathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010eight patients with type 1 diabetes and 35 controls were included in this study. NCS measurements were taken from commonly investigated nerves in one arm and both legs. Different Z\u2010compounds were calculated and compared with reference material to assess abnormality. A sensitivity proxy, the accuracy index (AI), and Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Z\u2010compounds with the highest AI consisted of the tibial and peroneal motor, and the sural, superficial peroneal, and tibial medial plantar sensory nerves in one or two legs. All Z\u2010compounds were able to discriminate between diabetic subjects and nondiabetic controls (mean Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20091.42 [range, 1.03\u20101.63]). The association between AI and number of measures was best explained logarithmically (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u20090.401), with diminishing returns above approximately 14 or 15 measures. F\u2010wave inclusion may increase the AI of the Z compounds. Although often clinically useful among the non\u2010elderly, the additional inclusion of medial plantar NCS into Z\u2010compounds in general did not improve AI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Performing unilateral NCS in several motor and sensory lower extremity nerves is suited for the evaluation of polyneuropathy in diabetic patients. The use of Z\u2010compounds may improve diagnostic accuracy in diabetic polyneuropathy and may be particularly useful for follow\u2010up research studies as single summary measures of NCS abnormality development over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T09:41:32Z","timestamp":1634982092000},"page":"171-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Which combined nerve conduction study scores are best suited for polyneuropathy in diabetic patients?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1280-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Dunker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian Bernhard","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Elise","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn Olav","family":"\u00c5svold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit Ragnhild Rokne","family":"Bj\u00f8rgaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trond","family":"Sand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149522.32823.EA"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000500005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880160909"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199710)20:10<1296::AID-MUS12>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-980X(95)92654-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Peripheral Neuropathy","author":"Dick PJ","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4233-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2019.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Electrophysiological patterns of diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"48","author":"Bagai K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Diabetic polyneuropathy. 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