{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:42:29Z","timestamp":1747150949764,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07559\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07559\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The A\u2010wave is a late response related either to demyelination or early axonal regeneration. It may be helpful in the evaluation of some peripheral neuropathies. In leprosy, previous studies suggested that A\u2010waves could be a neurophysiological marker of pain in patients during reactions. Herein we have attempted to further assess the profile and clinical correlates of A\u2010waves by exploring a large leprosy cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2015 and 2018, 63\u2009patients with leprosy (47 men and 16 women) had A\u2010waves in nerve conduction studies and were included in this study. We included patients regardless of whether they were experiencing leprosy reactions or not. We then compared clinical features in nerves with and without A\u2010waves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of study participants was 46.5\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3\u2009years and most had borderline leprosy. From this cohort, we assessed separately 83 motor nerves that demonstrated A\u2010waves (group A<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) and 29 motor nerves that did not demonstrate A\u2010waves (group A<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>). Neuropathic pain (NP) was found in 66 of 83 nerves in group A<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, but only 5 of 29 in group A<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> (79.5 vs 17.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.001). In contrast, no significant between\u2010group difference emerged regarding presence of reactions, sensory function (based on Semmes\u2010Weinstein evaluations), or muscle strength. A\u2010waves were found in nerves with neuropathic pain experiencing (39 of 66\u00a0=\u00a059%) or not experiencing (27 of 66\u00a0=\u00a041%) leprosy reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results show that A\u2010waves are associated with neuropathic pain in leprosy patients, regardless of the nerves affected and the immune status (in reaction or not).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T13:33:42Z","timestamp":1669296822000},"page":"165-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A\u2010waves are associated with neuropathic pain in leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Garbino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Education Program Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima  Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Education Program Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima  Bauru Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0898-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Marcondes C.","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"528","article-title":"Significance of A\u2010waves recorded in routine motor nerve conduction studies","volume":"101","author":"Bischoff C","year":"1996","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04649-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.28.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-010-0354-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.633915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31821c3ac1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(92)90078-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five\u2010group system","volume":"34","author":"Ridley DS","year":"1966","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(12)80330-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.09.014"},{"volume-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Neurol\u00f3gica Simplificada","year":"2009","author":"Lehman LF","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1"},{"volume-title":"Aids to the Investigation of the Peripheral Nervous System","year":"1943","author":"Medical Research Council","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-56053-433-4.50014-6"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.27759","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mus.27759","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.27759","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T09:48:33Z","timestamp":1692438513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.27759"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.27759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.27759","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-639X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4598"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}