{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:13:50Z","timestamp":1781014430775,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009950","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1I1A1A01064295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1I1A1A01064295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009950","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1I1A1A01060308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1I1A1A01060308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pericles.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human tonsils are a readily accessible source of stem cells for the potential treatment of skeletal muscle disorders. We reported previously that tonsil\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) can differentiate into skeletal muscle cells (SKMCs), which renders TMSCs promising candidates for cell therapy for skeletal muscle disorders. However, the functional properties of the myocytes differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells have not been clearly evaluated. In this study we investigated whether myocytes differentiated from TMSCs (skeletal muscle cells derived from tonsil mesenchymal stem cells [TMSC\u2010SKMCs]) exhibit the functional characteristics of SKMCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test the insulin reactivity of TMSC\u2010SKMCs, the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase\/Akt was analyzed after the cells were treated for 30\u2009minutes with 100\u2009nmol\/L insulin in normal or high\u2010glucose medium. We also examined whether these cells formed a neuromuscular junction (NMJ) when cocultured with motor neurons, and whether they were stimulated by electrical signals using whole\u2010cell patch clamping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skeletal muscle cells derived from tonsil mesenchymal stem cells expressed SKMC markers, such as MYOD, MYH3, MYH8, TNNI1, and TTN, at high levels, and exhibited a multinucleated cell morphology and a myotube\u2010like shape. The expression of the acetylcholine receptor and GLUT4 was confirmed in TMSC\u2010SKMCs. In addition, these cells exhibited insulin\u2010mediated glucose uptake, NMJ formation, and transient changes in cell membrane action potential, all of which are representative functions of human SKMCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tonsil\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells can be functionally differentiated into SKMCs and may have potential for clinical application for the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T09:04:24Z","timestamp":1685178264000},"page":"219-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biochemical and functional characterization of skeletal muscle cells differentiated from tonsil\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Yeonzi","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Hwa","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee\u2010Yoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute Seoul National University School of Dentistry  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se\u2010Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute Seoul National University School of Dentistry  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3374-3911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3174-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Chul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2878-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201102001-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61897-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.702547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5646384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Neuromuscular junction impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: reassessing the role of acetylcholinesterase","volume":"27","author":"Campanari ML","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2012.706708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.39.12.1534"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02417-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583513000061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1986.tb00460.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.6.4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Vargas E","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-011-9329-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1376151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Skeletal muscle generated from induced pluripotent stem cells\u2014induction and application","volume":"9","author":"Miyagoe\u2010Suzuki Y","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9915-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1428-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313932200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00734575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00029.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102202\u201013\u2010129"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.27847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T12:18:22Z","timestamp":1693916302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.27847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.27847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.27847","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}