{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:39Z","timestamp":1786978239753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010413","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Ren\u00e9 Bar\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010413","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020087","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Williams","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005363","name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a higher incidence in men suggesting an influence of sex steroids. Our objective was to investigate past exposure to endogenous and synthetic steroids in female ALS patients and controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We administered a questionnaire to 158 postmenopausal women (75 ALS patients and 83 controls). We calculated reproductive time span (RTS), lifetime endogenous estrogen (LEE) and progesterone exposures (LPE), oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use, and reproductive history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ALS patients showed shorter LEE and LPE, a lower proportion of breast cancer, and 11% showed no history of pregnancies vs. 4% of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) showed that &lt;17\u2009y of LEE and a delayed menarche (&gt;13\u2009y) constitute risk factors for ALS [OR\u2009=\u20092.1 (95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.08\u20134.2); and OR\u2009=\u20092.4 (95% CI, 1.1\u20135.1) respectively]. According to Cox survival analysis, for each year the LEE increased over 17\u2009y, it was independently associated with longer survival [hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20090.37 (95% CI, 0.16\u20130.85)] after adjusting for smoking, age and site of onset. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that for each month using OCP for longer than 40\u2009mo increased the risk of ALS [adjusted OR\u2009=\u20094.1 (95% CI, 1.2\u201313.8)].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thus, longer exposure to endogenous female sex steroids increased survival and reduced ALS susceptibility. In contrast, longer exposure to synthetic sex steroids showed a negative impact by reducing the production of endogenous female sex steroids or due to crossover with other steroid receptors. Given the neuroprotective effects of sex steroids, we suggest that abnormalities of neuroendocrine components may alter motor function in women with ALS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T09:16:18Z","timestamp":1690362978000},"page":"414-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exposure to endogenous and exogenous sex hormones and reproductive history influence prognosis in women with ALS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9121-0019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Claudia","family":"Gonzalez Deniselle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Bettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa M.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Hospital Marie Curie  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustina","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura I.","family":"Garay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University of Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital Militar Central Cirujano Mayor Dr. Cosme Argerich  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Fulgenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Mathematics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry University of Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo F.","family":"Rugiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Hospital Marie Curie  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3523-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro F.","family":"De Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1294-5899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisella","family":"Gargiulo\u2010Monachelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental\u2010CONICET  Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. 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