{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:16:57Z","timestamp":1786454217772,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012436","name":"Rick Hansen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNCZ GR021355 RICHANFO 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNCZ GR021355 RICHANFO 2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012066","name":"Wings for Life","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRMD GR024775 WLSCRF 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRMD GR024775 WLSCRF 2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a dearth of knowledge regarding the status of infralesional lower motor neurons (LMNs) in individuals with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), yet there is a growing need to understand how the spinal lesion impacts LMNs caudal to the lesion epicenter, especially in the context of nerve transfer surgery to restore several key upper limb functions. Our objective was to determine the frequency of pathological spontaneous activity (PSA) at, and below, the level of spinal injury, to gain an understanding of LMN health below the spinal lesion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010one limbs in 57 individuals (53 males, mean age\u2009=\u200944.4\u2009\u00b1\u200916.9\u2009years, mean duration from injury\u2009=\u20093.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009months, 32 with motor complete injuries), were analyzed. Analysis was stratified by injury level as (1) C4 and above, (2) C5, and (3) C6\u20107. Needle electromyography was performed on representative muscles innervated by the C5\u20106, C6\u20107, C7\u20108, and C8\u2010T1 nerve roots. PSA was dichotomized as present or absent. Data were pooled for the most caudal infralesional segment (C8\u2010T1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high frequency of PSA was seen in all infralesional segments. The pooled frequency of PSA for all injury levels at C8\u2010T1 was 68.7% of the limbs tested. There was also evidence of PSA at the rostral border of the neurological level of injury, with 58.3% of C5\u20106 muscles in those with C5\u2010level injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data support a high prevalence of infralesional LMN abnormalities following SCI, which has implications to nerve transfer candidacy, timing of the intervention, and donor nerve options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T12:38:06Z","timestamp":1706704686000},"page":"403-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Segmental infralesional pathological spontaneous activity in subacute traumatic spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7121-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health Authority  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adenike A.","family":"Adewuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory Shirley Ryan AbilityLab  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Ken &amp; Ruth Davee Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health Authority  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Hanlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health Authority  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russ","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health Authority  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory Shirley Ryan AbilityLab  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Sproule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin N.","family":"Swong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4546-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin K.","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Laboratory Shirley Ryan AbilityLab  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Ken &amp; Ruth Davee Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health Authority  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21391"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(02)00020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)31143\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0247"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.6.SPINE21586"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.22348"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4374"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.15\u201005\u201003876.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.Neu.0000255412.63184.Cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00289.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27376"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders: Clinical\u2010Electrophysiologic\u2010Ultrasound Correlations","author":"Preston DC","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097\u20104598(199707)20:7<858::aid\u2010mus10>3.0.co;2\u2010o"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03886.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21180"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.36.2.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00922"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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