{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:16:59Z","timestamp":1789827419568,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006978","name":"University of California Berkeley","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra high\u2010frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) has been demonstrated to allow easy visualization and quantification of median and digital nerve fascicles; however, there is a lack of normative data for other upper limb nerves. The purpose of this study was to use UHFUS to establish normative reference values and ranges for fascicle count and density within selected upper extremity nerves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010one healthy volunteers underwent sonographic examination of the ulnar, superficial branch of the radial, and radial nerves on one upper limb using UHFUS with a 48\u2009MH\n                      <jats:sc>z<\/jats:sc>\n                      linear transducer. The number of fascicles in each peripheral nerve and fascicle density were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean fascicle number and fascicle density for each of the measured nerves was ulnar nerve at the wrist 11.7 and 2.0, ulnar nerve at the elbow 9.2 and 1.1, superficial branch of the radial nerve 7.3 and 2.5, and radial nerve at the spiral groove 4.2 and 0.8. A single significant association was observed between CSA and fascicle number in the ulnar nerve at the wrist (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.023,\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.66). Neither fascicle number nor density could be predicted by age, sex, height, weight, or body mass index.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UHFUS may help to establish a baseline of normative data on upper limb nerves that are not frequently biopsied due to their mixed motor and sensory functions and has the potential for increased understanding of nerve fascicular anatomy to improve diagnostic accuracy of focal nerve lesions, particularly those with selective fascicular involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T07:14:08Z","timestamp":1714979648000},"page":"1072-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ultra high\u2010frequency ultrasound of fascicles in the ulnar and radial nerves"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2725-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B.","family":"Meiling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0185-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachana K.","family":"Gandhi Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Baute Penry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Cartwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa Barclay","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0100\u20103984.2021.0030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000169179.67764.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12907"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717731856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000006204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12717"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20486"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231167751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565\u2010010\u20100073\u20107"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Ultrasonographical and histological cross\u2010sectional study of the human superficial branch of the radial nerve","volume":"52","author":"Marx SC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"751","article-title":"Histological and ultrasonographical study of the human superficial branch of the radial nerve at distal forearm and its clinical implications","volume":"51","author":"Marx SC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/68.4.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/68.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/88.4.841"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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