{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:48:41Z","timestamp":1770749321216,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003958","name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10730"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) detects small nerve fiber loss and correlates with skin biopsy findings in diabetic neuropathy. In chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) this correlation is unknown. Therefore, we compared CCM and skin biopsy in patients with CIAP to healthy controls, patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) and diabetics without overt neuropathy (DM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with CIAP and suspected small fiber neuropathy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), PDN (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916), DM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), and healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916) underwent skin biopsy and CCM testing. Inter\u2010center intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for CCM parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with healthy controls, patients with CIAP and PDN had significantly fewer nerve fibers in the skin (IENFD: 5.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3, 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8, 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 fibers\/mm, all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Corneal nerve parameters in CIAP (fiber density 23.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9 no.\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, branch density 16.0\u2009\u00b1\u20098.8 no.\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, fiber length 13.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009mm\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were not different from healthy controls (24.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8 no.\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 22.1\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7 no.\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, 13.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5\u2009mm\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). In patients with PDN, corneal nerve fiber density (17.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7 no.\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and fiber length (10.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u2009mm\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were reduced compared with healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). CCM results did not correlate with IENFD in CIAP patients. Inter\u2010center ICC was 0.77 for fiber density and 0.87 for fiber length.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to patients with PDN, corneal nerve parameters were not decreased in patients with CIAP and small nerve fiber damage. Therefore, CCM is not a good biomarker for small nerve fiber loss in CIAP patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T09:27:02Z","timestamp":1721986022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differences in corneal nerve fiber density and fiber length in patients with painful chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy and diabetic polyneuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9496-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariska D.","family":"Nieuwenhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoang\u2010Ton","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Amsterdam UMC location VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd P.","family":"Niehof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank J. P. M.","family":"Huygen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica S.","family":"Klaassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Bechakra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wouter J.","family":"Geelhoed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joost L. M.","family":"Jongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette C.","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Amsterdam UMC location VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander F. J. E.","family":"Vrancken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0344-9749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Amsterdam UMC location VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Amsterdam UMC location VU University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and the Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geert Jan","family":"Groeneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research  Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001160"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03193.x","article-title":"Small\u2010fibre neuropathy can be detected in patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy","volume":"18","author":"Schryver EL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000315037","article-title":"Pain in patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy","volume":"64","author":"Erdmann PG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03023.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Neurophysiological, nerve imaging and other techniques to assess chemotherapy\u2010induced peripheral neurotoxicity in the clinical and research settings","volume":"90","author":"Argyriou AA","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0253"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1819"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.177303","article-title":"Non\u2010length\u2010dependent small fibre neuropathy. 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