{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:10:58Z","timestamp":1789582258787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paraspinal muscles are an important component of electrodiagnostic testing for radiculopathy. In the cervical region, a protocol for cervical paraspinal mapping assumes accurate placement of the electromyography (EMG) needle into the cervical multifidus. However, there is scant information regarding the accuracy of needle placement in that muscle. This study examines the accuracy of this protocol in sampling the intended multifidus muscle of cadavers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An experienced electromyographer directed needles to multifidus at C5, C7, and T2 spinous processes of 19 embalmed cadavers, and injected color dyes. Separately another examiner dissected the cadavers, noting whether the dye was in the correct location and whether its trajectory approached any \u201cdanger zones\u201d of nerve, artery, or joint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dye was in the multifidus muscle 100% of the time and hit the intended bony target in 79%, 73%, and 79% of C5, C7, and T2 insertions. No insertion was found in a danger zone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate modest accuracy for EMG needle placement as proposed in the clinical protocol. Clinical utility of this method requires more work including the establishment of norms, sensitivities, specificities, and clinical impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T08:13:32Z","timestamp":1727511212000},"page":"1200-1204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anatomical validation of needle placement for cervical paraspinal mapping of the multifidus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Malave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine  Hanover New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0246-6835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Haig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Haig Physical Medicine PLC  Middlebury Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)42562-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880140606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(97)90329-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000091983.14237.00"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31804a7b44"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181b333a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200702000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2021.5042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0382-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"A review of electromyography techniques of the cervical paraspinal muscles","volume":"16","author":"Haig AJ","year":"2023","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198207000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330830309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199904)22:4<541::AID-MUS22>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26878"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.28268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T13:21:52Z","timestamp":1733836912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.28268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.28268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.28268","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}