{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:11:31Z","timestamp":1785222691449,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005693","name":"Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric patients with dystrophinopathies [Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (BDMD)] are more likely to have neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. This prospective pilot study tested a novel screening questionnaire developed to identify the common behavioral (B), emotional (E), learning (L), and social (S) difficulties in BDMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 45 caregivers of BDMD patients (ages 4\u201319\u2009years) seen at the Arkansas Children's Hospital Dystrophinopathy Clinic completed the BELS questionnaire during standard clinic visits. To establish external validity, caregivers also completed four well\u2010validated standardized questionnaires assessing overlapping symptoms [Pediatric Symptom Checklist\u201017 (PSC\u201017), Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ), the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) subscale from the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caregivers reported high rates of behavioral (&gt;60%), emotional (50%\u201370%), learning (50%\u201370%), and social (30%\u201350%) concerns, even though relatively few patients had clinical diagnoses related to these symptoms. Passive suicidality (i.e., thoughts of death) were also common (22.2%; 10\/45 patients). The BELS questionnaire was moderately to highly correlated with total scores on the four well\u2010validated questionnaires (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and BELS subscales showed specificity. A BELS score of 21 corresponded with the established PSC\u201017 cutoff.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BELS questionnaire shows promise as a screening questionnaire to identify neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms common in dystrophinopathy. While BELS cannot currently be used as a standalone measure to make clinical diagnoses, identification of symptoms that warrant further follow\u2010up may improve clinical care and quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T11:14:30Z","timestamp":1732187670000},"page":"153-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The <scp>BELS<\/scp> questionnaire: A novel screening tool for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric symptoms in pediatric dystrophinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Natalie","family":"Truba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Nationwide Children's Hospital  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Bearden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Haley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly","family":"Spray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Children's Research Institute  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathi","family":"Kinnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aravindhan","family":"Veerapandiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3153-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary K.","family":"Colvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2022.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2022.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26750"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12922"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26803"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(18)30026\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018\u20100333L"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"BaldiO KinnettK SchraderR et al.Gaps in neuropsychiatric assessment and care for dystrophinopathies: results from a Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy (PPMD) survey of caregivers and providers."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016\u20100038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023290"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00130-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS)","author":"Barkley RA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Munro's Statistical Methods for Health Care Research","author":"Dixon 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