{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:39Z","timestamp":1786978239738,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402493\/2021\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402493\/2021\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001;doctoralscholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001;doctoralscholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.799640\/2022\u201000;88881.708989\/2022\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.799640\/2022\u201000;88881.708989\/2022\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ\u201002291\u201018;DoctoralScholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ\u201002291\u201018;DoctoralScholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by pathogenic variants in the\n                      <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, making muscle fibers susceptible to contraction\u2010induced membrane damage. Given the potential beneficial action of cannabidiol (CBD), we evaluated the in\u00a0vitro effect of full\u2010spectrum CBD oil on the viability of dystrophic muscle fibers and the in\u00a0vivo effect on myopathy of the mdx mouse, a DMD model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro, dystrophic cells from the mdx mouse were treated with full\u2010spectrum CBD oil and assessed with cell viability and cytotoxic analyses. In\u00a0vivo, fourteen\u2010day\u2010old mdx mice received 10\u2009mg\/kg\/day of the full\u2010spectrum CBD oil for 14\u2009days. We analyzed creatine kinase (CK) levels, liver damage markers, and histopathology of the diaphragm (DIA) and quadriceps (QUA [myonecrotic fibers with positive IgG staining, regenerated fibers\/central nuclei, the minimum Feret's diameter, the fibrosis area, the inflammatory area, the presence of macrophages, and NF\u2010kappa B content]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro treatment with full\u2010spectrum CBD oil showed a dose\u2010dependent cytotoxic effect; however, in\u00a0vivo 10\u2009mg\/kg treatment was safe and effectively improved DMD histopathological assessment parameters in DIA and QUA: reduction of central nuclei: 1.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0% versus 22.4%\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3% and 11.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200910.7% versus 32.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6%; reduction of IgG+ myofibers: 0.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7% versus 8.4%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6% and 0.9%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3% versus 7.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0%; increase in myofiber size: 85.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2 versus 64.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0\u2009\u03bcm and 106.5\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6 versus 81.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2009\u03bcm; decrease in inflammatory area: 6.2%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7% versus 15.1%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6% and 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 versus 17.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8%; reduced macrophage area: 0.05%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1% versus 10.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3% and 1.0%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7% versus 10.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9%; NF\u2010\u03baB levels: 0.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1% versus 1.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2% and 1.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1% versus 5.2%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1%; and fibrosis: 5.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8% versus 12.0%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7% and 1.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5% versus 4.7%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5%. It also reduced serum CK.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Full\u2010spectrum CBD oil may represent a promising new approach to treating DMD, but its potential toxicity must be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T05:35:07Z","timestamp":1737524107000},"page":"651-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Treatment With Full\u2010Spectrum Cannabidiol Oil Improved the Pathological Findings of Dystrophic Mutant Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9751-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds Leite","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL\u2010MG)  Alfenas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabricio Souza","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL\u2010MG)  Alfenas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5059-313X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Godinho","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL\u2010MG)  Alfenas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL\u2010MG)  Alfenas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe Cunha","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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