{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:58:03Z","timestamp":1792623483211,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydrodissection is an emerging technique in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome. We aimed to compare the efficacy of hydrodissection with or without corticosteroid versus intra\u2010carpal corticosteroid injection for treating carpal tunnel syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 66 wrists with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome were allocated to three study arms. Under ultrasound guidance, patients received a single injection consisting of 1\u2009mL (40\u2009mg) triamcinolone acetonide, 1\u2009mL lidocaine, and 3\u2009mL of saline, or 1\u2009mL lidocaine, and 4\u2009mL saline. Another group received 1\u2009mL intra\u2010carpal triamcinolone acetonide (40\u2009mg) without ultrasound guidance. All participants were followed for 3\u2009months post\u2010injection. The primary outcome was the median nerve cross\u2010sectional area. Secondary outcomes were symptom severity, functional status, electrodiagnostic test results, hang grip, and pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analyses showed a significant reduction in symptom severity, improvement in function, decrease in median cross\u2010sectional area, and improvement in electrodiagnostic evaluations for all the interventions 3\u2009months after the injections (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, there was no significant improvement in muscle strength with any of the interventions. Sensory distal latency decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.004), and sensory nerve conduction velocity increased in all groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001). For motor nerve evaluations, distal latency decreased significantly with the three interventions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.003), while nerve conduction velocity in the forearm segment increased in the steroid\u2010only group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.011). Group comparisons did not reveal any significant differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All interventions were effective in improving symptom severity, function, and electrodiagnostic and ultrasound measures, with no significant differences observed between the treatments.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold> The trial was registered prospectively at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.irct.ir\/\">http:\/\/www.irct.ir\/<\/jats:ext-link>, a WHO Primary Register set up with the registration number IRCT20210613051566N1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T09:22:31Z","timestamp":1740561751000},"page":"986-994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hydrodissection With or Without Corticosteroid Versus Corticosteroid\u2010Only Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Double\u2010Blind Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Ghorbanpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Naeemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarvenaz","family":"Rahimibarghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyede Zahra","family":"Emami Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6860-0403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohaddeseh","family":"Azadvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v14.i1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018\u2010022\u201002967\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ijgm.s7682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000239593.55293.c7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477\u2010021\u201000597\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21776\/ub.jphv.2022.003.02.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133705"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.742724"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2321030071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Translation and Validation of the Persian Version the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire","volume":"6","author":"Hassankhani G. 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