{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T21:22:05Z","timestamp":1762809725073,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013560","name":"GBS\/CIDP Foundation International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) commonly present with sensory loss and weakness, but they may also have neuropathic pain, elevated thermal thresholds, and intraepidermal nerve fiber loss. The primary aim of this study was to assess for evidence of small nerve fiber damage in patients with GBS.\u00a0<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine patients with GBS and 15 age\u2010matched healthy controls underwent CCM to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), Douleur Neuropathique en 4 (DN4) to assess neuropathic pain, electrochemical skin conductance (ESC), vibration perception threshold (VPT), and nerve conduction studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CNFD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), CNFL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011), CNBD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), and ESC on the hands (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024) and the feet (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046) were lower, whereas DN4 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) was higher in patients with GBS compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with GBS have evidence of small nerve fiber damage as evidenced by corneal nerve fiber loss, neuropathic pain, and sudomotor dysfunction. CCM may add to the toolbox for the evaluation of small nerve fiber involvement in patients with GBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T10:01:11Z","timestamp":1743588071000},"page":"119-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Corneal Nerve Loss in Patients With Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4647-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Khyber Medical University  Peshawar Pakistan"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Research Division  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alhatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liaquat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholam","family":"Adeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Ponirakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Research Division  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Research Division  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeer Sabry","family":"Safan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashaa K. M.","family":"Aldabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis N.","family":"Petropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Research Division  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Alsalahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rayaz A.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Research Division  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0515-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f88345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02395-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02130-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60422-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0250-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2009.00206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92644-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31824ee8c9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2022.103070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.00099.x"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.28408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T07:18:57Z","timestamp":1749107937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.28408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.28408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.28408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-639X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4598"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}