{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T09:27:13Z","timestamp":1769506033074,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malnourished children may experience disrupted peripheral nerve myelination, leading to impaired nerve conduction. However, ultrasound data on nerve morphology in severely malnourished children are lacking. Therefore, we performed a systematic study, comparing nerve ultrasound in malnourished children to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nerve cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) was assessed in three categories of malnourished (severe acute malnutrition [SAM], stunted, and wasted) and healthy Bangladeshi children aged 6\u201359\u2009months to compare morphological changes at baseline (pre\u2010intervention) and post\u2010nutritional intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 74 children were enrolled, including 17 with SAM, 19 wasted, 18 stunted, and 20 healthy controls. SAM children showed smaller nerve CSA compared to wasted peers, particularly in the sciatic nerve (8.25\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs. 11.48\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035) and median nerve proximal wrist (2.65\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs. 2.90\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) among 6\u201323\u2010month\u2010olds. In the 24\u201359\u2010month group, the median nerve proximal wrist CSA in SAM children was 2.30\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 3.90\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in healthy children (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019), and sciatic nerve CSA was 9.05\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> versus 16.60\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). Nutritional intervention improved <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores in SAM children numerically, though not significantly within the study period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SAM children had smaller nerve CSA compared with wasted, stunted, and healthy children at specific nerve locations. These findings underscore the substantial impact of SAM on nerve morphology and the importance of early, sustained nutritional interventions, warranting further validation through animal models and large\u2010scale studies in both children and adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T01:23:38Z","timestamp":1747272218000},"page":"258-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nerve Ultrasound for Detecting Morphologic Changes in Malnourished Children Under 5\u2009Years of Age: A Comparative Study of Nutritional Intervention Outcomes in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9694-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurun Nahar","family":"Naila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division ICDDR,B  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4686-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aklima","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division ICDDR,B  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gobinda","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division ICDDR,B  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Munirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division ICDDR,B  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahmeed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Division ICDDR,B  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Office of the Executive Director ICDDR,B  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRB Hospitals Limited  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"KPJ Specialized Hospital &amp; Nursing College  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27830"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-024-00863-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Neurological Rehabilitation: Optimizing Motor Performance","author":"Carr J. 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M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.722403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11795735231195778"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"WHO Guideline on the Prevention and Management of Wasting and Nutritional Oedema (Acute Malnutrition) in Infants and Children Under 5\u2009Years","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.21.285579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00843-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"Niport I \u201cBangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017\u201318: Key Indicators \u201d2019Dhaka Bangladesh and Rockville Maryland USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"S.Woodhead D.Rio andN.Zagre \u201cRegional Perspectives on Simplified Approaches for the Management of Children With Acute Malnutrition: West and Central Africa \u201d2019.Field Exchange Issue p. 33."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147417"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.1984.tb00138.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/109.2.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2021.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688459"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.28432","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T09:06:50Z","timestamp":1753520810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.28432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.28432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.28432","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}