{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T07:25:30Z","timestamp":1764228330156,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002280","name":"Plastic Surgery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic electrical stimulation (ES) of repaired nerves has been demonstrated to improve muscle function. Previous studies applied ES to the proximal transected nerve end (P\u2010ES) with benefits to the neuronal cell body. We investigated whether a single ES dose applied to the distal end (D\u2010ES) or distal and proximal ends (DP\u2010ES) prior to nerve repair provides benefits to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and muscle recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>S100\u2010GFP<\/jats:italic>\n                      mice were randomized to control (No ES), D\u2010ES, P\u2010ES, and DP\u2010ES groups. After sciatic nerve transection, the ES groups received 10\u2009min of ES prior to repair. The non\u2010stimulated nerve end was insulated with a rubberized wrap. At 3 and 4\u2009weeks post\u2010repair, analyses using tetanic muscle force, grid walking, and NMJ immunohistochemistry were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Muscle force demonstrated D\u2010ES, P\u2010ES, and DP\u2010ES significantly improved muscle function at 4\u2009weeks compared to No ES. Grid\u2010walking tests showed significantly fewer foot faults in D\u2010ES and DP\u2010ES mice. Mice treated with ES showed higher NMJ innervation compared to No ES. In addition, the number of terminal Schwann cells (tSCs) and the percentage of NMJs with tSC sprouting beyond the NMJ area were significantly higher in ES groups, indicating improved innervation. Endplate morphology was similar among ES groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to known benefits of P\u2010ES, D\u2010ES and P\u2010ES demonstrated beneficial effects for reinnervation and muscle function post\u2010nerve injury. While the mechanism is not fully characterized, ES applied to both D\u2010ES and P\u2010ES aspects of a transected nerve may act synergistically to improve muscle healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T07:26:06Z","timestamp":1757489166000},"page":"1178-1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brief Electrical Stimulation of the Distal and Proximal Sciatic Nerve During Transection and Repair in a Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Puder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8384-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albina","family":"Jablonka\u2010Shariff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8132-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9882-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison K.","family":"Snyder\u2010Warwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"StatPearls","year":"2024","author":"Althagafi A.","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20\u201007\u201002602.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2752(1998)18:7<397::AID-MICR2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320962508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063\u2010015\u20100745\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz322"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896\u20106273(00)00084\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26659"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23490"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12776"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315604399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN\u2010130381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26331055221138508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.22409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525\u20101594.2010.01086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13181\/mji.oa.225870"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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